• Human’s self-affirmation.
• Human’s sport achievements by means of the horse’s physical abilities.
• Human’s pastime

• Horse’s safety for a rider.
• Human’s pastime.
• Training a quiet horse for trail rides.

• Following the traditions and maintenance of the elitist spirit.
• Clear and accurate performance of difficult elements (irrespective of the horse’s health and individual characteristic).

• Friendship between the man and the horse 
• Providing the horse with healthy and as comfortable life as possible.
• Revealing of the horse’s natural talents and bright personality.

Prove the fact  that horses have the same iintellect as  people.

• The horse is created for riding
• Horses are  stupid, aggressive and dangerous animals
• The horse has to submit to the human
• Horses have to pay for their existence by giving the man benefit   (in the form of money, prizes, positive emotions)
• The man knows what the horse needs better than the horse
• The horse may be eaten

• The horse is faint-hearted
• The horse is claustrophobic
• The horse is lazy
• Horses are prey animals, Humans are predators
• Both horses and humans owe much to each other
• The horse is created for riding

• School traditions are above all
• The horse and the rider are supposed to look as a single whole
 • The rider has an ideal sensation of a horse and controls it like an expert
• Elements performance must be beautiful and should go in accordance with the standards 
• The horse is created for riding

• The horse is always right
• The horse is  phenomenally intelligent
• The horse is strikingly delicate
• The horse owes nothing to anyone
• Humans may not dominate over horses only because they are humans  
• The horse is not created for riding.

• The training is based on cruel, rough, painful physical and mental coercion.
 • The only argument is brutal force and pain infliction.

• Four training levels
 (‘Get Safe’, ‘Confident’, ‘Advanced’ and ‘Professional’)
• First come ‘7 games’ on the ground, then comes riding on a halter/hackamore followed by a false collection with a bit and usage of the horse in some kind of the equestrian  sport.
• Man’s imagination is welcomed.
• Horse training comes to reflex forming 
• The training  process must be safe for a man

• The training is based on cruel coercion and implies the horse’s implicit obedience.
• HE elements are based on natural movements of the horse (performed while playing or fighting) but they are brought to canonic standards and a horse’s individual abilities and characteristics are not taken into consideration. As all HE schools have their own standards different from others there’s no ‘general standard’.
• The man must feel a horse perfectly

• Relationship establishment and the beginning of training are done in hands and a horse has the right to decide either to stay with the man or go away.
• No riding in NHE since 2009.
 • The man should be  clear to the horse
• The horse is trained to think
• Games with horses are form and important part  of training  (attacking, chasing each other,  playing with a ball, bringing things and other  developing games)
• Certain elements are allowed to be taught only when a horse reaches a particular age.
• HE elements are based on natural movements of the horse but there’re no standard. All depends on  a particular horse’s abilities. 

A great number of gadgets
• Bits with dental or trigeminal effect
• Different straps for head fixing (drawreins, sidereins, martingales, chambons, overcheck, special bits etc.)   
•Gadgets affecting  the nose, the lower jaw and  the poll  (hackamores, chin chains)
• Whips of different types, lashes
• Spurs
• A great number of auxiliary equipment (earplugs, different combinations of bits, blinders etc.)
• Any improved means for punishment and frightening
• Dopes are widely used

• The first level: a 3-4m lunge-line, a rope halter and a ‘carrot stick’;
• The second level: see №1 + a 6-7m lunge-line and a rope hackamore;
• The third level: see №1 + 13-14m lunge-line, a bridle with a bit of a curb type with a rust taste for  better salivation

A great number of auxiliary  equipment
• Bits with dental or trigeminal effect
• Lunge cavessons
• Long reins
• Straps for head fixing
• Whips, Lunge whips, lashes etc.
• Spurs
• Pillars.
•  Several men for working with one horse

• The main instrument is a language that a horse can understand  
• Cordeo (a thin small strap lying freely on the horse’s shoulders).
• A lunge-line
• A thin twig or whip, lunge whip as a long hand for light and careful touching and hints for a horse. All these tools should be considered by a horse as a part of the teacher’s body
• Various developing games and toys (balls, pedestals etc.)

• A false collection by means of strong bits and auxiliary equipment
• The highest extent of it  is the  rollkur, a must  for the Olympics

• A false collection by means of a bit starting from the third level.
• As NH supports the sport, horses are collected depending on requirements of one or another kind of it (rollkur can become the highest extent of it).

• A cruel and extreme collection done with the aid of strong bits and auxiliary equipment like sidereins.  

• Natural (based on a horse’s natural capabilities) and voluntary (without coercion) collection without any mechanical tools
• The horse regulates the extent and duration of the collection itself

• Obligatory and necessary component of the training process

• Admissible part of the training process
• The principle is ‘do it or you’ll feel discomfort’

• Obligatory and necessary component of the training process

• Completely inadmissible

• Any horses without regard to its ability to show any result

• Any horses
• Limitations: only experienced instructors may train ‘difficult’ horses.

• Horses are only expected to show a particular result (effective performance of some elements).
• As a consequence only horses  of certain breeds are used: Andalusians, Lipizzaners, Lusitanos, Iberians. Their natural constitution allows them to perform easily a deep collection and make free movements.

• Any horses. It’s important to reach a harmony in relations with a horse and not to show any results performing difficult elements.   performance.
 • Limitations: a horse is  allowed to learn and perform  certain elements only when reaching a certain age and health state.  

• Training methods ruin the horse’s health completely

• Does not pay attention to it
• Training methods damage the horse’s health finally

• Training methods ruin the horse’s health completely

• The horse’s health is the most important issue
• Training methods are directed to rehabilitation, maintenance and   strengthening of the horse’s health

Limb traumas: sprains, breakdowns, fractures, injuries from poling
Back injuries: fractures, myositis, injuries from incorrect saddling
Neck traumas: fractures, myositis, vertebrae separating (due to a false collection)
Traumas from shoeing:  disorders in  the musculoskeletal system  because of shoeing, horseshoes with studs,    disturbance of hoof blood circulation
Traumas from bits: disorders in the respiratory  and digestive systems,  hematomas in the mouth, teeth destruction, tongue, palate and gums injuries
Injuries from a whip: hematomas, muscle inflammation and myorrhexis, internal injuries
Тraumas from a false collection: muscle inflammation and maldevelopment, salivary glands obstruction, salivation and deglutition disorders, visual impairment, nerve endings strangulation, cervical vertebra separation
Injuries because of improper training: extreme emaciation, muscle inflammation and maldevelopment, disorders in  the musculoskeletal system , internal hemorrhages, digestion problems.
Moreover the horse constantly feels stress, pain, boredom, lack for free movement and contact with other horses.

Careful and correct treating and training of a horse according to the  NHE system, taking into consideration of  a horse’s individual abilities and correct management result in no harm to a horse’s health.  

• The bit  is the only tool to control a horse and force it to do anything
• At the same time the horse’s anatomic abilities are not studied

• Bits usage is due to the  lack of horse anatomy knowledge and commercial goals of the system  (wide availability and cooperation with the equestrian sport)
• Bit is applied  when the horse’s trust has already been won
 • Bit is applied starting from the  third level symbolizing the improvement of the rider’s skill

• Coercion with the aid of bits is widely used as it’s one of the principal devices for controlling a horse.  The stiffest variants of bits  are preferred: crub bits and metal cavessons)
• The horse’s health is not taken into account but the horse's anatomic characteristics are studied for more effective usage of auxiliary equipment

• Any bit is rejected completely and can be used under no circumstances as studies of horse anatomy proved that  it hurts and damages the horse’s health and mind 

Is looked upon as a good and necessary thing for    any horse

Is not prohibited

Not welcomed but allowed (depending on a school)

Prohibited as it damages the horse’s health

• Early age limit 
• Horse’s lifetime is not long

• It is not taken into consideration, however horses usually live long life because of the ‘decorative’  type of usage   

•Different attitude at different schools: horses are taught to perform airs above the ground at certain age only like in Vienna (that extends the horse’s life)  or as early as possible like in some villages in Spain (that shortens the horse’s life).

• Age – is an issue of high importance. Lunging is allowed only starting from 4 years old. Simple airs above the ground  - from 8 years old, difficult airs – from 10-13 years. A school horse reaches the full  maturity at 12-13 years old. Exercise performance is kept at the high level during the whole life. 
• Developmental games and stretching are allowed at an early age and during the whole life.

Rudiment knowledge that does not encroach human interest and needs

Very rudiment knowledge

Studying of anatomy and psychology  for better controlling of a horse  (the classical Haute Ecole)

Thorough knowledge of the horse’s anatomy, biomechanics, psychology   as well as the horse’s management is required.

Horse keeping conditions  are almost everywhere conflict with  the natural way of life for the horse (shelter keeping with short walks  in paddocks (or without them at all), absence of contact with other horses)

• Horse keeping conditions are not important and do not become an issue to discuss.  
• As NH cooperates with the sport, horse keeping conditions at sport stables conflicting with the natural way of life for the horse are considered to be acceptable

Traditional horse keeping conditions. They are frequently in conflict with   the natural way of life

• The keeping conditions should make a horse feel as comfortable as possible.    Staying at paddock or pasture almost all the time, ability to move constantly, to contact with other horses. Correct feeding, spacious shelters.  
• Correct horse keeping is one of the most important requirements of the School

• A person wishing to feel   superiority
• A person wishing to achieve sport results using the horse’s physical abilities.   
• A person with a hapless life
• A person wishing to reduce his inner tension
• A person wishing to lose weight
• A person who likes  pleasant sensations given  to him by a horse
• A person who is able to ignore the horse cruelty
• A person who is able to ignore the cruelty to horses

• Any  person who wants to have placid  and safe relations  with a horse 
• A person satisfied with a simple concept of the world offered by this method.
• A person who doesn’t think about the true   nature of the horse

• A person who doesn’t think about the horse’s senses and feelings and appreciates only the beautiful elements the horse performs.
• A person who likes  pleasant sensations given  to him by a horse
• A person who desires to sink into mysterious spirit of the Middle Ages and make an impression upon an uneducated audience

• A person who truly loves the horse and its essence and not the feeling given to him/her by a horse.  
• A person who admits that being ‘homo sapiens’ does not give him dominance   in nature
• A courageous and composed person who’s able to control his emotions and correctly uses his body language
• A person having thorough and deep  hippological knowledge
• A person who understands  the meanness and brutality of the equestrian sport and who is willing to redeem its fault.

• Proclaiming itself the highest level of horse and man relations.
• Proclaiming itself the cause of the horse’s splendor
• Proclaiming itself the meaning of the horse’s being

Cooperates with ES

Does not have any relations with the equestrian sport.  Some elements and devices of control are adopted by  the dressage

Full inadmissibility of the equestrian sport

Available to anyone

Widely available at Parelli’s centers in the USA and Europe

Keeping of privacy 

Keeping of privacy 

• Self-affirmation
• Sport achievements
• Getting pleasant  emotions
• Ruining the horse’s health and mind
• Possibility to receive an injury

• Safe relations with a   horse
• Riding-hall and trail riding
• Participation in Parelli’s shows
• Participation in competitions after getting the horse’s trust in a  deceitful way 
• Ruining the horse’s health and mind

• Difficult Haute Ecole figures
• Participation in shows
• Ruining the horse’s health and mind

• True friendship with the horse
• Training of  a talented and loyal horse 
• Perfect mutual understanding
• Difficult Haute Ecole figures without coercive means of control
• An opportunity to act with integrity and the only way not to ruin the horse’s health and mind